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你说的话， 有什么根据？ -- port - (64 Byte) 2010-4-06 周二, 12:51 (723 reads) |
唐古拉
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作者：唐古拉 在 众议院 发贴, 来自【海归网】 http://www.haiguinet.com
from The Age, one biggest newspaper in Australia.
The link is: https://www.theage.com.au/news/national/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-single-desk/2006/02/22/1140563859766.html
The pros and cons of the single desk
What is the single desk?Under the single desk, AWB has the monopoly right to export wheat in bulk. The single desk grew out of the Australian Wheat Board statutory authority set up in 1939. The authority was corporatised in 1999 and subsequently privatised. AWB listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in August 2001.
Formally an AWB subsidiary, AWB International operates the single desk and has the right to veto bulk exports by any other company.
An independent statutory authority, the Wheat Export Authority, has the power to allow wheat exports in containers and bags. This amounts to an average 4 per cent of wheat exports. WEA also monitors AWBI's performance and reports on how it benefits growers.
What are the advantages of the single desk?
Opinion polls consistently show that more than 80 per cent of Australian wheat farmers support the single desk.
It basically allows AWB to punch above its weight in a tough international market that is still distorted by trade subsidies. Australia produces about 3 per cent of the world's wheat but has 15 per cent of global wheat trade.
By having the single desk, AWB has greater bargaining power and thus the ability to supply suitable quality wheat at the best price. It does not become a price taker.
The volume of exports handled by one marketer, AWB, allows Australian exports to compete directly with the global grain giants that control much of the world's traded grain market.
What are the arguments against the single desk?Opponents argue that in the age of competition policy, there is no place for the single desk. Farmers should have the right to export wheat wherever they want and choose who should sell it on their behalf.
Opponents also criticise the cost of operating the single desk, arguing that AWB charges about $300 million a year to run it.
They say barley wheat exports have long been deregulated in Victoria and NSW, and barley growers there achieve better returns than their counterparts in South Australia, where ABB Grain (the former Australian Barley Board) has the export monopoly on barley.
The "one size fits all" approach of the single desk militates against excellence. People who produce good wheat are not rewarded and those who produce poor quality product are not penalised.
Who are AWB's potential competitors?There are three Australian grain companies that collect and sell wheat and other grains domestically, and sell grains other than wheat internationally. They are the listed company GrainCorp, which mainly operates in Queensland, NSW and Victoria; ABB Grain, which dominates South Australia; and Western Australia's Co-operative Bulk Handling.
The Australian Grains Exporters Association, which represents six international grain traders that operate in Australia, has called for the removal of AWB's bulk exports power. A breakaway group of wheat farmers, the Eastern Wheat Growers, is also pushing for the abolition of the single desk
作者：唐古拉 在 众议院 发贴, 来自【海归网】 http://www.haiguinet.com
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